What is a type of offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth?

The term that best describes an offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack and aims to disorganize the enemy in depth is indeed exploitation. Exploitation operations are primarily focused on taking advantage of a breach in the enemy's defenses and allowing friendly forces to deepen their penetration into enemy territory. This type of operation seeks to capitalize on the initial success by disorienting and disrupting enemy forces, often leading to further victories.

Exploitation relies on mobility and speed, enabling friendly forces to overwhelm the disorganized enemy before they can regroup or mount a significant defense. It is characterized by a focus on rapid advancement and the elimination of enemy forces that may be trying to recover from an initial setback. By maintaining the initiative and keeping pressure on the enemy, exploitation can significantly affect the overall course of engagements and campaigns.

In contrast, advance operations typically focus on moving to a predetermined objective rather than taking initiative after an initial success. Counteroffensive operations involve responding to an enemy offensive, aiming to regain control rather than disrupting a weakened foe. Securing objectives generally refers to consolidating gains rather than a rapid follow-up in depth after an attack. Each of these alternatives emphasizes different tactical goals, which is why “exploitation” is the most fitting choice.